Development of the roller center rotating device of the rake thickener

 The rake thickener is the main concentration equipment of the beneficiation plant and an important link in the beneficiation system; it is used for the purpose of clarifying the muddy water after washing, and is used as circulating water for washing, and at the same time, it can recover the ore settlement. Therefore, the rake thickener is the key equipment to maintain the normal production of the washing plant. When the rake thickener fails, a part of the washing mud water cannot be clarified. For example, if this part of the washing water is recycled, the washing water concentration will gradually increase, and the washing production will be interrupted within a few hours.

The mud settling equipment originally used in the washing plant is a rake thickener with a peripheral drive caster type. The central column transmission bearing of the thickener often has the ball being squeezed away, which increases the running resistance of the rake frame and causes the production of beneficiation. Interruption; when dealing with faults and replacing the bearings, you need to drain the water in the rake thickener pool, and then lift the upper cage.

The structure of the original rake thickener center column transmission device is that a special pressure bearing is arranged between the upper rotating frame and the lower fixed frame. This kind of bearing structure is circular, the rolling ball is installed on the cage and placed between the upper and lower bearing rings, and the lower bearing ring is installed on the fixed bracket. The upper rotating bracket is fixedly connected with the rake frame and can be placed on the center column, and the rake thickener rotates along the center column. Because of this structure, the pressure bearing is in a relatively humid environment during long-term operation, and it is inconvenient to inject oil. It is also subject to the weight of the rake frame, the steady flow cylinder and the settled mud for a long time, but it is corroded and worn out. It can reduce the strength of the cage and increase the gap with the ball after wear. Long-term operation will cause serious deformation of the bearing cage. After being squeezed by the balls and the upper and lower frames, the bearing cage will also be broken. After the bearing cage is deformed and fractured, the movement gap between the upper and lower frames of the ball is increased, and the remaining body of the bearing cage causes the balls to squeeze each other, which will eventually cause the balls to be squeezed. After the bearing is damaged, the center transmission can only rely on the interactive friction between the upper and lower shaft rings. The increased friction and the squeeze between the balls increase the resistance distance of the rake frame. In this case, the rake thickener The applicable mud sedimentation thickness is reduced. When the mud volume in the pool is increased, long-term operation will cause the rake to be crushed or the motor to burn, which will interrupt production.

From the perspective of central transmission, the pressure bearing structure between the upper and lower frames of the original design frequently fails during actual production. The main problem is that the pressure bearing structure is not suitable for the transmission under the special working conditions of the rake thickener. Therefore, the original pressure bearing structure is transformed into a roller transmission.

According to the analysis of the effect: after the transformation is completed, because an oil injection pipe is connected to each roller oil injection hole, the oil can be injected on the rake platform, which is convenient for maintenance, low wear during operation, and low failure rate, making the maintenance cycle longer; After the replacement of the roller drive, the friction of the center column transmission is greatly reduced, and the running resistance moment of the rake frame is reduced, so that the thickness of the sedimentation mud adapted to the rake thickener is increased compared with the original bearing structure; You can observe the running status of the wheel on the top, so as to find all kinds of faults. When replacing the rollers, there is no need to drain the water from the rake thickener, nor to lift the upper cage, and the replacement can be completed on the cage.

After the center column bearing structure of the rake thickener was transformed into a roller structure, after several years of operation, the effect was good, and there was no failure. It not only increased the capacity of the mud water treatment system, but also reduced the impact of production, but also contributed to other mineral processing. The transformation of the rake thickener in the factory provides an effective attempt.

Reformation of Feeding Device of Deep Cone Thickener

Modern tailings water systems generally use closed loops. Thickeners are the key equipment of the tailings water treatment system. The concentration effect of the thickeners will directly affect the operation of the entire concentrator. The structure of the original feeding device mainly includes The defoaming barrel, the feed pipe, the upper straight section of the stabilizing barrel, the upper cone section of the stabilizing barrel, the middle straight section of the stabilizing barrel, the sieve plate and the lower cone section of the hidden barrel are composed of; The overflow weir of the thickener.

The structure of the defoaming cylinder is too simple, the mixing effect of the slurry and flocculant in the defoaming cylinder is poor, and the settling effect of the flocculant is poor; the straight section between the defoaming cylinder and the stabilizing barrel will be connected by a feed pipe, and the slurry will enter the stabilizer. The feed kinetic energy of the straight section between the barrels is large, which affects the sedimentation effect of the thickener, and the concentration efficiency is low; the upper end of the straight section on the stabilizer barrel is higher than the thickener overflow weir, and the clarified water at the upper part of the thickener cannot enter the original feed Inside the device, the flocs have not undergone the process of dilution, and the sedimentation speed of the flocs has slowed down.

The static flow stabilizer is composed of an inlet pipe, a cylinder, a baffle plate, a uniform cloth and a plate outlet pipe. After the flocculant is mixed with the slurry, the direction of the fluid is changed through the baffle plate and the uniform plate to make the flocculant and the slurry full The mixing of the kinetic energy of the mineral pulp at the same time can improve the flocculation effect.

The static steady flow mixer is equipped with two discharge pipes, which can further reduce the kinetic energy of the slurry.

The spiral material stabilization device is composed of an overflow cylinder, a cylinder, a spiral blade, a cloth plate, an inner cone and a lower cone; the upper end of the overflow cylinder is lower than the overflow weir of the thickener, and there are countless numbers on the upper part of the overflow cylinder A "rectangular" slot; the clarified water on the upper part of the thickener will flow through the upper end of the overflow cylinder and the "rectangular" slot into the spiral stabilizer, which realizes the self-dilution of the slurry, and the flocs are diluted to speed up the continuation The settlement rate.

The spiral blades on the inner wall of the spiral material stabilization device are distributed with multiple slots; the slurry entering the cylinder along the spiral blades gradually rises by its own kinetic energy, and a part of the slurry continues to rise along the spiral blades; The slurry flowing to the next spiral blade at the slot and the next spiral blade collides and mineralizes; the remaining part of the slurry flows to the center of the middle cylinder, and further collides and mineralizes with the falling slurry, making the flocculant and the slurry Fully mix to improve the flocculation effect.

Because the concentration of the slurry inside the spiral stabilizer is higher than the slurry injected onto the cone, part of the slurry passes through the small holes on the cone and collides with the spirally rising slurry in countercurrent; while reducing the kinetic energy of the slurry, it further improves Concentrated effect.

After the improvement, it has been running very well so far; the use of static steady flow mixer has improved the flocculant settlement effect of the flocculant; the kinetic energy of the slurry input is reduced through two-person feed pipes, and the purpose of mutual dilution is achieved; through the spiral The spiral blade in the material stabilization device consumes the kinetic energy of the slurry; the upper end of the spiral material stabilization device is lower than the overflow weir of the thickener, which realizes the self-dilution of the slurry and accelerates the sedimentation speed of the slurry; the final concentration of the overflow water of the thickener is small to ensure In order to improve the quality of the circulating water in the system, Xining and its consumption will be saved, reducing operating costs. After the transformation, it can be widely used in large-scale concentrators, and can replace ordinary rake thickeners to process mine tailings slurry.

Innovative microbubble flotation of flotation machine

 The dual-flow microbubble flotation method is a compressed air flotation method that realizes the pulping process and the separation process. The unique microbubble mineralizer and slurry release head design of the trough-type dual-flow flotation machine increases the precipitation of bubbles. The surface area increases the contact area between the concentrate and the microbubbles, and the mineralization efficiency is correspondingly improved. In the flotation process of the trough-type dual-flow microbubble flotation machine, the coal slurry will be pumped out of the mixing tank by a pump and then pumped into the slurry distribution header of the trough-type microbubble flotation machine, and then distributed evenly to multiple groups of minerals The mineralization unit of the carburetor passes through the mineralizer, the inverted U-shaped mineralization tube, and finally is sprayed out of the tube by the nozzle. The air will be pressed into the mineralization unit under a certain pressure, and a large number of tiny bubbles will be formed through the microporous tube in the mineralizer. The bubbles and coal slurry complete the mineralization process in the mineralization tube, and finally sprayed to In the sorting tank, at this time, the pressure drops sharply, and a large number of bubbles merged into the coal slurry are formed and precipitated quickly. The coal particles float up to the surface of the flotation tank, overflow naturally along the periphery and enter the clean coal collection tank. A small amount of fine bubbles and A large amount of intermediate density materials enter the medium coal tank, and the tailings will enter the tailings tank through the U-shaped tube, which plays a role in adjusting the liquid level.

It adopts a multi-tank structure similar to the traditional mechanical agitation flotation machine. The upper part of the tank body is a rectangular connected structure, and there is an overflow tank on the periphery to discharge the clean coal. A rectangular diversion tank is opened on the overflow to increase the overflow. The perimeter is convenient to allow the clean coal to flow out smoothly. There are multiple pyramids of the same size in the lower part of the tank, and the lower part of each pyramid has an underflow outlet and a circulation outlet.

In order to further reduce the total height of the flotation machine body, so as to facilitate the disassembly, inspection and maintenance of the flotation machine related accessories, the mineralized coal slurry will enter the inverted U-shaped mineralization tube at a high speed and be in a state of high turbulence in the tube. Continuously fold back and collide for secondary mineralization, and eventually it will be ejected from the lower end release head.

The complete flotation process of the trough-type dual-flow microbubble flotation machine is a set of two flotation processes with main washing. The underflow of the main washing tank body enters the rewashing buffer barrel, and is pumped into the rewashing tank body. The overflow of the main washing flotation body is used as the final clean coal. The main washing buffer barrel is arranged in the rewashing material buffer barrel, and the rewashing buffer barrel and the rewashing tank body are integratedly arranged, which saves space to the greatest extent.

On the basis of the integration of the previous flotation machine, the trough type dual-flow microbubble flotation machine further increases the processing capacity of the flotation machine, reduces the height of the flotation machine body, and optimizes the entire process. It is a dual-flow microbubble flotation machine. A breakthrough in the serialization of the separator product will further enhance the technical advantages and market competitiveness of the dual-fluid microbubble flotation machine.

https://www.hotelterracentro.cl/dec9/

A new type of coarse particle flotation machine for rough grinding and flotation in mines

 Coarse ore flotation has always been one of the key technologies for mine coarse grinding and flotation to reduce energy consumption. An iron ore plant in Anhui Province has a very small content of mica in the iron ore of the first grinding product. Recovery value. However, there are generally two ways to recover mica at present: one is coarse-grained regrind and reselection; the other is to choose equipment suitable for coarse-grained mineral flotation. However, during the inspection of the production site, it was found that many of the mica minerals in the second-stage grinding products in this iron ore did not meet the particle size requirements of flotation, and the density of mica was small, and most of them showed flaky structure. The overflow of the cyclone ran out, causing the inspection and screening operation to be blocked first, so regrinding is not suitable for the recovery of coarse mica.

    The design principle of coarse-grained flotation machine is that coarse-grained minerals are prone to sinking grooves and poor selection indicators during the flotation process. On the basis of conventional flotation machines, the following principles will be followed for design (1 ) U-shaped groove bottom is used to reduce dead angles and avoid mineral sinks; (2) Large impellers and low speed drive are used to reduce the turbulence intensity of the slurry, which is conducive to the floating of coarse particles; (3) Equipped with larger At best, relatively many bubbles are formed, which can help attach and carry large particles to float; (4) Reduce the overflow strength of the bottom of the tank, shorten the rising distance of mineralized bubbles, reduce the interference of external forces and the roughness of the bubbles (5) Stabilize the separation zone and the surface of the slurry to ensure that the foam adsorbing minerals flows smoothly into the foam tank.

The structure design of the coarse particle flotation machine:

(1) Impeller and stator.

According to the fluid dynamics design theory, the impeller design of the flotation machine adopts a shape that is relatively similar to the impeller of a high specific speed pump. The tangentially rotating ore flow it produces is conducive to the suspension of minerals, the dispersion of air, and the selection index. improve. The stator must be able to convert the tangentially rotating slurry flow generated by the impeller into a radial slurry flow, and lift the coarse materials and dense minerals to the upper part of the tank, so that the mineral particles can be effectively suspended in the flotation tank. The contact probability of large mineral particles with bubbles increases the possibility of separation of coarse minerals and heavy particles.

(2) Impeller height

The height of the impeller from the bottom of the tank is related to the structural parameters of the flotation machine, the concentration of the slurry, and the composition of the particles. The greater the height, the easier it is to start the flotation machine, but it is easy to cause the sinking tank of the ore particles in the tank and the fluctuation of the slurry surface. Lower the height, the mineral particles are not easy to sink, but the suspended state is easily destroyed, the phenomenon of stratification occurs, and the flotation conditions are deteriorated. The appropriate height of the impeller from the bottom of the groove can be determined through experiments.

(3) Regulating device at best

The aeration volume of the flotation machine varies with the different minerals, and the selection index of some minerals is very sensitive at best. Therefore, we have designed a stepless speed regulation device at best to realize the fine adjustment of the aeration volume, so that the right amount of low-pressure air is evenly dispersed in the entire flotation tank to ensure that the non-floating mineral particles and mineralized bubbles in the upper separation zone of the tank body Separate.

According to the hydrogeological conditions of the wellbore project, the freezing method can be adopted for construction, short-section digging and building, rolling shift operation system, implementation of mechanized comprehensive supporting operation lines, multi-process parallel and intersecting operations, reducing auxiliary operation time, improving work efficiency, and fully Mobilizing the enthusiasm of employees has enabled the wellbore to break through the 100-meter mark for several consecutive months, achieving the goal of high-quality and efficient work.

How to perform high-intensity work on filter thickener

 The process adopted by the coal industry in my country is mainly based on wet coal preparation, and a large amount of slime water will be produced in the process of coal processing. Therefore, the treatment of slime water is a key link in the production of a coal preparation plant. The operation of the slime water system is related to whether the coal preparation plant can be normally produced. At the same time, it also involves the water of the coal preparation plant and the recovery of coal resources. Protect many aspects of the ecological environment. The thickening and clarification of slime water is an important link in the treatment of slime water. Under the current situation, we can use the rake thickener based on the principle of gravity sedimentation as the main equipment to apply, and then use the principle of gravity sedimentation to concentrate the slime water The equipment efficiency drops greatly, which will cause the overflow water concentration to exceed the standard, which will have a serious impact on the washing equipment. Therefore, further development of the new type of concentration equipment is very necessary.

The filter thickener is a new type of thickening equipment. Its working principle is different from the current thickening equipment in coal preparation plants. When the equipment is running, the filter slurry will be continuously pumped through the feed pipe by the internal filter and The filter room enclosed by an external static body. And to maintain a full state, use the pressure difference between both sides of the rotor to achieve filtration and concentration. The flow state of the slurry in the filter chamber is related to the speed of the rotor. When the speed of the rotor reaches a certain limit value, A kind of annular vortex called Taylor vortex will be generated. Adjacent Taylor vortices will be connected at a certain axial flow rate to prevent the axial reverse flow or short circuit of the liquid flow. Therefore, the liquid flow between the outer cylinders It is an ideal columnar flow. The slurry in the filter chamber undergoes a top-down rotational movement under the combined action of the resistance of the outer wall, gravity and centrifugal force. When flowing through the area, the pressure difference between the two sides of the filter medium will be used for the outer wall of the rotor. A filter cake is formed. When the filter rotor rotates, the filter cake on the medium will be subjected to the action of shearing and sweeping, thereby achieving filtration and concentration under the thin cake layer. Finally, the filtrate will pass through the filter medium and be discharged from the discharge port inside the drum to complete the filtering and concentration effect.

However, through the simulation of the filter thickener, it is found that the change of the internal flow field is related to the concentration of the feed, the speed of the drum, the pressure of the feed, and the opening of the concentrate outlet valve. Therefore, according to the simulation results, It is used to analyze the influence of the four factors of the concentration of the feed, the rotating speed of the drum, the pressure of the feed, and the opening of the concentration outlet valve on the concentration effect. The range analysis of the experimental results shows that: (1) The higher the feed pressure, the lower the concentration of the concentrate. This is because as the feed pressure increases, the driving force of the filtration process increases, and Wyeth is many small The particles penetrate the essence into the clarified liquid; (2) The smaller the opening of the concentrated liquid outlet valve, the greater the concentration of the concentrate. This is because the reduction of the valve opening makes the filtration time longer and the filtration pressure increases. Increase the filtration capacity of the clean water; (3) The feed concentration increases, and the concentrate concentration increases. This is because the thickness of the filter cake and the filtration resistance increase with the increase in the feed concentration, so that the ability to trap fine particles changes Strong; (4) If the rotating drum speed is too fast, the concentration of the clarified liquid will increase. This is because the rotating drum speed is too fast and the centrifugal force field will increase the filtration resistance.

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A new technology of high-efficiency concentration of ore slurry--filter thickener

 Most of the current thickening equipment is based on rake thickeners. The rake thickeners use the principle of gravity sedimentation to achieve concentration and clarification. This can be widely used in washing water clarification and other links, but with mechanization Continuous popularity and progress. The concentration efficiency of equipment using the sedimentation principle will be greatly reduced, which will cause the overflow concentration to exceed the standard and affect normal production. Therefore, in this case, we have to further carry out a necessary study on the principle of suspension and sedimentation and the enrichment equipment.

Under such circumstances, a new type of filter thickener that uses the principle of pressure filtration to achieve the old high-efficiency slurry thickener is proposed. Compared with the gravity sedimentation thickener, the filter thickener has the advantages of fast concentration speed, high concentration efficiency, quick concentration adjustment, and small volume. The structure of the filter thickener is mainly composed of two parts: an external static body and an internal filter rotor component. The external static body is composed of a central cylindrical section and two upper and lower conical sections. The cylindrical section is the main area for concentration operations. ; The filter rotor component is composed of a filter drum in the middle and two upper and lower rotating shafts. The lower rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, which is used to discharge the clarified liquid.

The filter thickener is a new type of technology that can use the principle of pressure filtration to achieve high-efficiency thickening of the slurry. Its working principle is: the slurry is fed into the filter thickener along the tangential direction through the feed pipe at a certain pressure. , Under the combined action of gravity, the top-down rotating movement is carried out; when the slurry flows through the filter area, the pressure of the slurry is used to form a filter cake on the outer wall of the filter rotor, and the permeable liquid will be collected through the filter medium To the inside of the filter rotor, the material is discharged from the outlet; the sediment on the filter medium is washed by centrifugal force and liquid flow. Under the action of disturbance, the slurry is mixed into the slurry to form a concentrate and discharged from the discharge port, thereby completing the filtration and concentration process of the slurry.

In addition, research shows that the pressure field distribution law of the filter thickener is more consistent with the theoretical expected results, so the research results are credible; the drum speed has a direct impact on the pressure of the flow field, so in the actual application process It is possible to use the adjustment effect of the rotating drum speed on the smooth pressure to change the concentration effect of the thickener, and realize more rapid adjustment; there is a certain pressure drop on both sides of the drum wall, and the outer pressure value is greater than the inner pressure value. The guarantee for the realization of the filtration and concentration process; in the actual production process, the diameter of the critical equivalent pressure loop should be smaller than the diameter of the drum, so we should reasonably choose the mixing ratio of the inlet pressure and the drum speed to make The flow field filtration process can proceed smoothly, so that the concentration and clarification operation can be completed.

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Choice range of inclination angle of thickener

When the tilt angle is 50 degrees, the concentration efficiency is the highest, and as the tilt angle continues to decrease, the concentration efficiency will gradually increase. When the angle is too low, the concentration efficiency will decrease instead.

The thickening equipment is the source of the water clarification process in the coal preparation plant. The angle of the inclined plate of the inclined plate thickener has a great influence on the efficiency of the thickener. The inclined plate thickener has a bottom feed, and the type of feed is heterogeneous, so it is inclined The angle should be kept between 45-60 degrees, so the test is carried out.

During the test, an inclined plate was added to the ordinary thickener. The inclined plate uses stainless steel bolts to connect the right-click glass plates of different sizes at different angles to form a combination of inclined plates with different inclination angles. At this time, 200g of the well-mixed raw materials can be taken out for a small sieving test to find out the particle size composition. Among them, the 0.045m material content is the highest, indicating that the high ash fine mud content in the coal slime is very high, which has a greater impact on concentration.

The main components of coal slime are kaolinite and illite, as well as a small amount of minerals such as quartz, feldspar and calcite. The two minerals with relatively high content are clay minerals, which will swell when exposed to water and form very fine colloids. , Not easy to settle.

The inclined plate thickener is bottom feeding, and the feeding type is a different flow. Therefore, the range of inclination angles will be about 45~60 degrees. The inclination angles of the inclined plate are selected as 60, 55, 50, and 45 for the test. The results show Because the material is fed at the bottom and the opposite flow enters the inclined plate, taking into account the projected area of ​​the inclined plate and the two factors of discharging, it is more appropriate to choose an angle within the range of 45 to 60 degrees. When you select 60 degrees for the first time, you will find that the inclination angle decreases, and the underflow solids content will increase. Because the projected area increases, the sedimentation area will increase, and the concentration efficiency will increase. When the water flow is non-directional, the particle distribution will be coarse particles in the lower layer and fine particles in the upper layer, which is more conducive to product discharge, but if the fine particles are suspended for too long, they will be lifted away. But when it is at 45 degrees, due to the above reasons, the number of fine particles taken away will increase, the content of overflow solids will increase, and the small efficiency of concentration will decrease instead.

The inclined plate thickener is fed at the bottom, and the type of feeding is heterocurrent, so the selection range of the inclination angle will probably be between 45 and 60 degrees to facilitate the decline of the material; the flow rate is maintained at 2.6 cubic meters per hour, and the concentration It is 50 grams per liter. The test results show that the concentration efficiency is the highest when the tilt angle is 50 degrees. As the inclination angle becomes smaller, the concentration efficiency will gradually increase, but when the angle is too small, the particles in the upper layer will be taken away more and the concentration efficiency will decrease instead.

https://www.pizzeria-spycher.ch/dec32/